Closed-Source Systems Essay

There are several differences and similarities when discussing open and closed source software or systems. Some operating systems that are currently in operating are closed source and some of them are open source. Both closed and open source software / systems have their place in the technical world. It is difficult to say which of these types is better, because it will usually be based on numerous factors. Possible factors could be cost, convenience, flexibility, maintenance, and accessibility. The comparison will always be made when discussing open and open closed source software / systems, but it will always be a person-to-person situation based on necessity. Closed Source Software / Systems Closed source software is defined as software that contains a hidden source code or a non-visible source code. It is usually developed by a single person or a company. Once a final copy of the closed source software is developed and completed, it is sold to the public. This final copy is what end-users will find available to them. According to (Grant, 2004), â€Å"Closed source software is normally copyrighted or patented and is legally protected as intellectual property. † He also mentions that legally, â€Å"A user cannot give it away, copy it, or modify it in any way unless the user has a special license or permission to do it† (Grant, 2004). There are incentives for producing closed source software. It can be sold by the developers and it is intangible. What is meant here is, the developers or company that produced it can replicate it numerous times over. In order for companies to make a profit the software is generally rushed out the door. When this happens, the software can have issues in terms of functionality, maintenance, and support. Due to these issues, the producing companies are the only ones with the authority to produce patches to fix problems. Ultimately, after a patch is made the responsibility will rely on the end user to apply it and resolve the problem. This is where a security issue is involved. Grant mentions in his article, â€Å"Users have a poor record for applying patches resulting in thousands of computers around the world being left vulnerable every time a flaw is discovered† (Grant, 2004). Cost is a major factor with open and closed source software / systems. Closed source types generally cost more and this is due to licensing, patents, copyrights, registration, and manufacturer or company name. Maintenance, updates, and support are basic complimentary features when buying a closed source type. An example of a closed source software / system is Microsoft’s Windows and Office. Open Source Software / Systems As previously mentioned, closed source software / systems have their source code â€Å"hidden† from the public. Open source software / systems have their source code â€Å"visible† to the public. The same type of developers who create closed source software can create open source software. Grant states, â€Å"The reasons for writing open source software range from those who have a passion for computing and who want to contribute to make a difference, to those who do not like having to rely on any single company to produce what is needed† (Grant, 2004). Open source software / systems and the authors who create them are legally protected by the General Public License, or GPL. Since it is published under the GPL, users can use it for free and give it to as many people as they want to as long as they do not pretend they wrote it. According to Grant, â€Å"Users can make changes to open source software as long as what was modified is availably known to the public (Grant, 2004). That is one aspect that makes open source software / systems so grand, is that users can change the source code. This continues to the next aspect, which is; updates, patches and/or fixes. Users, or the public, can apply these factors straight to the open source software which is unlike closed source types. One of the downsides to open source software / systems is there is no warranty. If the software malfunction or does not perform well the users will have no recourse. Some other factors that Grant mentions with open source software / systems are, â€Å"There is no guarantee of good documentation or support, (Grant, 2004)† which is different than closed source types. Obviously, cost will always be an issue. Open source is free! Closed source is not. On the record, open source software packages have had better security that closed source types. A couple examples of open source type software / systems are; Linux and Open Office. Summary Overall, there are no perfect software / systems in the world. Some people might say that closed source software is for novice users and open source software is more for an advanced user base. Both types have a place in the technical world and serve a purpose. Their differences in maintenance, cost, functionality, support, flexibility, and availability will only make a difference in a person to person scenario. It can also come down to convenience and personal preference. Closed source and open source software / systems might have their differences, but where one might outweigh the other they tend to maintain a certain balance.

Comparison of Two Construction Projects

Tour & A ; Taxis Park – Bas SmetsThis undertaking is situated on the Tour & A ; Taxis site in Brussels and is portion of a maestro program by Michel Desvigne, which covers 20 hour angle of green zone on and around the Tour & A ; Taxis site. The 4 hour angle park designed by Bas Smets in 2013 is the most of import and cardinal portion of the 9 hour angle park on the site itself and extends from the Havenlaan to the Bockstael Boulevard. The natural incline of the terrain has been levelled when the site industrialized more than a hundred old ages ago and a feeder of the river Zenne had been filled up. Bas Smets wishes to re-establish the natural alleviation by softening the bing inclines at the borders of the terrain, utilizing dirt excavated in the lower parts of the park, since there was no money to supply new dirt. The dirt is non industrially polluted, but some sorting was necessary: illegal dumping, crushed rock, finer dirt and sand. The lower parts of the park are excavated as these are really boggy. A drainage system with crushed rock basin, with a volume of 1 million, will be installed and allows the H2O to infiltrate into the dirt. This manner, the surface will ever be dry, merely in exceptionally heavy rains H2O will stay on the hayfield. The site was really hostile towards workss, even weeds were hardly able to turn at that place. Therefore, over 3000 willows are planted. These innovator trees grow two metres a twelvemonth and absorb a batch of H2O. Their roots heighten the undersoil and so ease the growing of the more ‘noble’ trees which bit by bit will be planted. After 5 old ages, when these ‘noble’ trees are grown plenty, the willows will be cut. This is an accelerated procedure to recover the nature. On short notice, a green belt will turn, which will screen the park visitants from the many edifice sites that will be started on the site the following few old ages. In the long tally, a fully-fledged park will develop. The flora that will be used, refer to the historical workss that grew in the vales of Brussels before the urbanisation. â€Å"The site will be laid out by adult male but the park is seen as a existent vale of the Zenne† , says Smets, whom antecedently studied the top ography of Brussels and its rivers extensively ( Vermeersch, 2014 ) . At the Centre of the sphere, a big unfastened infinite will be created. Here people will be able to loosen up, athletics or bask the position over the vale of the Zenne. â€Å"In this manner, our park does non differ much from the nineteenth-century Parkss like Ter Kameren or the Woluwepark, † says Smets. ( Van Garsse, 2013 ) At the side of the Havenlaan, the bing above-ground parking batch and asphalt will do manner for a public topographic point with five rows of trees, which will link the Havenlaan with the park. On the other side of the park, at the Bockstael Boulevard, the park will link to the green zone planted by Leefmilieu Brussel in the old path bed. The full 9 hour angle park will be the largest green park constructed in Brussels in the past hundred old ages.Minneapolis Riverfront – StossRivers in history have served as ecological and historical anchors of the communities populating around them. As American metropoliss deindustrialized, rivers have been uncla imed for civic usage. They lay cluttered ; leftovers of their past service as barriers to their possible re-use. ( Ganes, 2011 ) . In September 2010 an international design competition was announced, intended to turn to 5.5 stat mis of Minneapolis’ Upper Mississippi River, widening from the Stone Arch Bridge to the northern metropolis bounds. Stoss’s proposal, titled Streamlines, seeks to claim the Mississippi river as civic infinite and re-establish its presence in the metropolis. Their first measure is to repossess the river by a three-part activation scheme, purposefully conceived to hold a important impact along the full north riverfront: FlowIntersect, a light sculpture by public creative person Rafael Lozano-Hemmer that visualizes the meandering of the river ; light-boats, luminescent fibreglass dinghies which offer occupants and visitants immediate entree to the river ; and re-fashioned flatboats, bing flatboats that have been adapted to recreational usage, such as a swimming pool and an amphitheater. These intercessions besides buy clip to develop the remainder of the park and the milieus. The cardinal component in their design, harmonizing to the interior decorators themselves, are new Bridgess across the Mississipi. They provide connexion across the river, between distinguishable territories in the metropolis, but the Bridgess provide non merely physical connexion, they besides provide ocular way-finding, place-making throughout a additive long site. The brides are linked to one another via the Riverwalk and the Parkss and connect vicinities on both riverbanks, long separated by an industrial barrier. Streamlines is besides a undertaking about working ecologies, ecological systems and kineticss put to work to clean, to re-constitute this working riverfront ( Stoss Maltzan Utile, 2011 ) . The river park on the north riverfront is a on the job landscape, one that cleans the site, and accordingly the metropolis, as it grows. The chief construction of the park is a natural water-cleansing system of back-to-back deep-rooted basins, wherein stormwater is intercepted and filtered. The H2O so flows into a shallow watercourse and pelecypod bed. On the eastside of the river, Stoss creates several Botanical Overlooks. These are public gardens in which regional indigen ecosystems are contrasted with more notional and alien environments. Waste heat produced by a nearby power works is used to heat a series of public outdoor hot baths and, after the temperature has bit by bit diminished, nurseries. When the power works is non running, a field of solar hot H2O warmers provides the needful hot H2O. These gardens reach beck into nearby vicinities via H2O avenues, which collect and clean stormwater as good and serve as riverfront connections. The undertaking besides focusses on the milieus of the river, since Stoss wants to re-establish the presence of throughout the whole metropolis. To accomplish this, they extend and expand the influence of the river to the vicinities by re-making the I-94 corridor as an Energy Forest, filled with native trees that create new vegetated home grounds, cut down heat radiation, and clean air pollutants from go throughing vehicles. With the same purpose in head, three new urban paradigms are proposed, each showing a new manner to populate the river. The fist, Industrious Parks, proposes live/work loft lodging on the upper narratives above warehouses and industrial infinites. Here every bit good, tendrils of the river penetrate the territory and do the country perform better ecologically and making so, appreciate the vicinity. Second, the Greenhouse District with the Botanical Overlooks, re-imagines underutilized packages on the East Bank of the river as sites for public gardens. The 3rd par adigm, City Islands, is envisioned as a natural extension of the life style and character of Nicollet Island. Here, rowhouses and townhouses are scattered in an comestible landscape, supplying an low-cost nutrient beginning, maintained by the island community but are accessible to everyone.ComparisonBeginnings & A ; Works CitedSMETS, B. , 2014,The Discovery of the Landscape, Lecture at KULeuven VAN GARSSE, S. , 2013,Uitgelicht: park onder de bruggen aan Thurn & A ; Taxis, [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brusselnieuws.be/nl/nieuws/een-park-onder-de-bruggen [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] VERMEERSCH, L. , 2014,Dreef en glooiend landschapspark op Thurn & A ; Taxis, [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brusselnieuws.be/nl/nieuws/dreef-en-glooiend-landschapspark-op-thurn-taxis-beelden [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] LUYSTERMAN, P. , 2014,Weldra ligt u op de wei van Tour & A ; Taxis, [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.up-site.be/images/tijd_20140509_019.pdf [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] STOSS,Minneapolis Riverfront, [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.stoss.net/ [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] STOSS MALTZAN UTILE,Streamlines, Detailed proposal, [ Online ] Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //minneapolisriverfrontdesigncompetition.com/wp-content/themes/mrdc/docs/Stoss_Proposal.pdf [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] GANES, J.,2011,Minneapolis Riverfront Competition Finalist / StossLU, [ Online ] Available at: ArchDaily hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archdaily.com/ ? p=159167 [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] StossLU, 2011,Video presentation Minneapolis Riverfront Competition,[ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=n5h0yA2NVeU [ Accessed 28 December 2014 ] 1

Finance and Accounting in the Entrepreneurship Business coursework Essay

Finance and Accounting in the Entrepreneurship Business coursework - Essay Example ase of the demand for the slap-up industrial coating material in the market, the SIJIA Industrial Material intends to come into the market of advanced PVC used as slap-up industrial coating material. According to the research, the demand for slap-up industrial coating material increases more rapidly than the supply. There are less than 10 manufactures which produce slap-up industrial coating material exclusively. Although some manufactures which produce mid/low end products whilst supplying the slap-up products, the scales are very small. And some of our existing customers are willing to purchase our slap-up products if we supply. The current thinking in Financial Management is that financial managers do not perform the role of goal keeping of financial data and information, and arranging funds, whenever directed to do so by the Board of Directors of Companies. Rather, financial managers perform key roles in top management areas by solving complex management problems. Financial management is a concept which deals with the efficient and effective use of economic resources, such as capital funds, in a most appropriate manner. Moreover, the concept of both finance and accounting is closely inter-related. As a finance manager, it is essential to provide a thorough analysis of almost all areas of business, to order to ensure the beneficial applicability of plans, policies and procedures. Finance managers lay stress on making judicious judgments on the profitability, solvency, liquidity, and growth aspects of the firm. Financial data occupy a bottom slot in business planning, albeit an important one, in business co ncepts and performance of the management team. Income statements are simple and straightforward reports on the proposed businesss cash-generating abilities. The advanced PVC used as slap-up industrial coating material is an important kind of the material for uniform such as the environment-protecting people’s clothes which require the highly damp proof

Introduction to Accounting and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introduction to Accounting and Finance - Essay Example Based on the forecasted data assessed with ratios and capital budgeting techniques, the project has been found highly feasible with attractive returns. For details view of the financials; forecasting sheets have also been provided. Moreover, there are some assumptions made while forecasting the financials of the project and these assumptions have also been discussed. ASSUMPTIONS ABC DRINK Following set of assumptions have been followed to prepare the following financials for the data: 1. External environment has been analysed and the market has been found conducive of conducting the energy drink business. 2. ABC drink has been evaluated for the offering size of 250 ml. 3. Costing of the material has been used the cost of item listed. 4. All the expenses are based in fictional figures. 5. Price of the product has been set according to competitive prices available on the Amazon grocery offering 6. It is assumed the changing season would not affect the demand. 7. Production and will fol low the given pattern. 8. The closing stock of each month is utilised in next month. 9. Frequent receipts do not affect the payments as even in the months when the cash position is running negative. 10. For business valuation, the forecasting for the net income has been done for 5 years with NI increasing with 2.5% with first two years, 5% in third-year, 8% in fourth-year and 10% in fifth-year. 11. Required rate of return for business valuation has been taken as 15%. It has been selected so high to incorporate any effect of unlikely event that negatively affects business operations mainly cost and revenues. MARGINAL COSTING COST STATEMENT    TOTAL EXP. CATEGORY FIXED AMT VAR AMT    (Monthly) (PROD OR SELLING) (%) In (%)    LABOR                Factory Manager ? 7,083 Production 100% ? 7,083 0% ? - Accountant ? 4,500 Selling 100% ? 4,500 0% ? - supervisor ? 2,500 Production 50% ? 1,250 50% ? 1,250 Marketing team of 3 people ? 3,600 Selling 35% ? 1,260 65% ? 2,340 SCM team ? 5,000 Selling 25% ? 1,250 75% ? 3,750 Sales Force (10 people) ? 8,000 Selling 20% ? 1,600 80% ? 6,400 Technician (2) ? 6,400 Production 50% ? 3,200 50% ? 3,200 On Floor Labor ? 14,000 Production 10% ? 1,400 90% ? 12,600 watchman (Prod dept) ? 980 Production 100% ? 980 0% ? - watchman warehouse ? 980 Selling 100% ? 980 0% ? - Transporter ? 1,300 Production 65% ? 845 35% ? 455 Transporter    ? 1,800 Selling 40% ? 720 60% ? 1,080 BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS Break even analysis is the point where the total cost of the company is equal to the total revenues (Levy, & Brooks, 1986) and at this point the profit of the company is 0 (Anand, 2004). Breakeven analysis is used to determine the minimum quantity that should be produced in order to achieve no loss (Arnold, 2008; Besley, & Brigham, 2007). Breakeven point for the discussed project has been identified and it is 42,304 units. This means that the company needs to sell 42,034 units of drink in order to achieve zero profitability. BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS T. FIXED COST ? 38,954.33 VC ? 1.18 SALES PRICE ? 2.10 CONTRIBUTION MARGIN ? 0.92 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS 42,304.70 Break even has also been calculated using graph. The following graph shows break even and it is almost the same point as calculated above. Cash budget Cash budget shows

UK Retail Market and Financial Comparison of GAP and NEXT Case Study

UK Retail Market and Financial Comparison of GAP and NEXT - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that the top five clothing retailers, M&S, Next, Arcadia Group, Matalan, and BHS, claimed 44% of sector sales in 2004 making the UK one of the most concentrated clothing sectors in Europe. In spite of this, value-led retailers, such as TK Maxx, ASDA (George range) and Tesco outperformed the rest of the market, continuing to be the fastest growing channel and generating  £2 billion in clothing sales. Next retail also continued to grow, overtaking the Arcadia Group and moving into second place behind M&S. The value clothing market has become increasingly competitive. Not only have many of the retailers in this sector really got their act together in terms of upgrading store environments and enhancing their product offers - becoming, in effect, the new lower middle market, but the middle market has been fighting back. The last 18 months have seen a strong recovery at M&S, and BHS - that describes itself as premium value- is also a much stronger player. Therefore , there is more and better choice for consumers. However, while 2001 and 2002 were buoyant years for retail and for clothing, 2003 is seeing a significant slowdown. It is much quantifiably harder to persuade consumers to spend. A key factor is that value clothing retailers now know that they cannot succeed with low prices alone. Consumers expect a pleasant environment and mainstream-quality merchandise even if they are paying very little. So they have had to make very significant investments in their store estates - at a time when many are expanding rapidly too. Also, this space and product expansion has been very challenging. Many have found that their infrastructure, systems, IT and logistics have just not been up to it and this has affected their sales performance. In 2004, the competitive environment in the UK retail market has experienced a dramatic re-shape. This re-shape has been led by the acquisition of the Safeway supermarket chain by Morrisons, which has created the count ry's fourth-biggest retailer and has given Morrisons the chance to pose a real threat to Sainsbury's, in the fight for third place behind the UK's biggest retailers, Tesco and Asda. According to new research analyzing the Retailing industry in the UK by Euromonitor International, the move towards greater consolidation continue to impact the UK retail industry over the next five years. Euromonitor suggests that future mergers and acquisitions in UK food retailing are likely both to be on a smaller scale and to involve the take-over of convenience retailers by hypermarket chains wishing to strengthen their presence in the UK's high streets. According to Raphael Moreau, Retailing Analyst "Diversifying into convenience stores is on the agenda for the UK's top hypermarket chains because this retail format offers good growth prospects. Convenience stores have increased their share of the UK food retailing market from 20% to 21.9% between 1999 and 2003. Clearly, these stores are appealing to UK consumers, thanks to their convenient locations and extended opening hours. Hypermarket retailers want to make sure they don't miss out on this growing area of the UK market." High Street convenience stores are also particularly attractive to hypermarket retailers, due to strict planning rules restricting the opening of new out-of-town hypermarkets. Euromonitor International believes that this trend is likely to intensify in the next five years.

Childrens creativity with language takes different forms and is Essay

Childrens creativity with language takes different forms and is expressed in various ways - Essay Example The contextual part of the language factors in the interpersonal contexts and the sociohistorical contexts. Critically the art of language refers to the ability of the linguistic creativity to wrap in all kinds of critical and evaluative positions that are visible in the use of language. Subject to the findings of the contemporary researchers in applied linguistics, creativity of the language is not limited to the linguistically skilled writers and speakers, media professionals and literary authors but also a pervasive feature of utilization of the language. Carter (102) focuses on the poetic forms in everyday discourse where rhyme, metaphor, word play and other figures of speech are used in the manipulation of the linguistic form. Styles like repetition are incorporated in the language to reflect what the speakers echo and demonstrate the seriousness of the information even though at times it might not be in accordance to the linguistic form. Another aspect of the language that is used creatively is the innovative creation of dialogue in narrative where the story is converted into drama. At the same both the children’s and adults preoccupation with imaginary or fictional worlds is elaborated using the creativity of language. In essence everyday conversation offers the source for strategies that are later on taken up by others and they include literary genres. According to Carter (105), creativity is a matter of degree that exists together with a series of clines in most of the literary texts on a daily basis unlike the discrete sets of features that are related to the specific registers. In this particular case the term literariness encompasses the clinal nature of creativity. On the other hand the lang uage play is referred to as opposed to the literariness and the two terms have got different intellectual starting points and purposes. For instance Carter dwells on broadening the frame of literariness to involve everyday linguistic practices whereas the other theory focuses on language play in the general terms of play and later on expands this to high culture practices like ceremony and literature. In the long run most of the linguists seem to agree on most of the issues emerging in the language and have a common stand. At the end, the policy and practice in several areas like education are affected due to the pervasiveness of language creativity. There is a conspicuous gap between the linguistic world of young children and the lack of playful use of language in educational materials like reading schemes. As a result most of the modern orthodoxies in communicative and task based approaches to the teaching of the language have not factored in the potential of language play. On the contrary the researchers suggest that the inclusion of a play element in the teaching of the language could be very vital as it would enhance the learning of the language. An example of this is where the importance of an effective dimension in learning, proficiency and value of play in linguistic form due to the acquisition of the second language (Carter, 110). In addition the pervasiveness of creativity across communicative practices leads to broader theoretical challenges to the

Contrasting learning and intellectual disabilities Essay

Contrasting learning and intellectual disabilities - Essay Example Students with learning disabilities need alternative learning methods, in a manner similar to a student who needs glasses to see (Hallahan, 2011). They require help, and with it they work as much as their peers. Intellectual disabilities, on the other hand, are those that decrease the cognitive skill of the student in a major way (Hallahan, 2011). Some of the similarities between students with learning disabilities and students with intellectual disabilities are that they have low expectations, are academically and socially unwary, lack of self drive, are poor in interpreting important things, poor family preparation for school and have gaps in technology access (Hallahan, 2011). What I would like to explore more about is how intellectual disabilities decrease the cognitive process of a student and how a student might be helped to grow from this challenge. As I was conducting my study, I learned that intellectual disability is worse compared to learning disability; therefore, it would be vital to find ways to assist students whom this condition is

The Iranian threats to block the Strait of Hormuz(SOH)- an analysis on Research Paper

The Iranian threats to block the Strait of Hormuz(SOH)- an analysis on the Iran's capabilities and the global implications of the blockage - Research Paper Example The Strait of Hormuz is located sandwiched between the Omani Musandam Peninsula and Iran. The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are linked with the help of this strait. By taking out a median and other calculated analysis, the Strait of Hormuz extends to a length of 140 miles. However, the Strait gets narrowed down to ‘twenty nautical miles’ towards the north-east ending that is between Iran and Oman. China is the biggest exporter of Iranian oil, which uses the Strait of Hormuz for navigation of its ships to and from the strait. US and other western countries also use this track for the transportation of oil. Many other countries of the world also use this strait. For safe transportation of oil supply, US has implanted its military forces, so it is well equipped in the Gulf region. There cannot be second opinion about US dominance in the region currently. Iranian officials openly threatened the world to close the Strait of Hormuz, which is a major artery of the world oil market as a result of oil sanctions imposed on Iran. According to oil experts, disruption of oil through the aforementioned route could significantly hamper the global oil prices. Most of the oil flows go to Asia via this route. The oil market is globally well knitted and a disruption anywhere could cause higher oil prices everywhere. Internationally, the threat announcement made by Iran to close the Strait of Hormuz is taken very seriously and all the countries have disapproved Iran’s threatening statements. The future implications in case the threat is implemented in actuality will be economic as well as militarily. As far as the capability of Iran is concerned in terms of closing the strait, there is a joint consensus that it would have no problem in implementing the threat, but the situation is same with the US. US, as a dominant force in the strait could not allow Iran to close the strait. Therefore,

Expatriate Selection, Training and Support Essay

Expatriate Selection, Training and Support - Essay Example Global HRM specialists assert that it is important for MNCs (Multinational Companies) to attract, recruit and retain employees who can work and live successfully in other countries. Various models are used to determine traits of good expatriate managers (Camilleri, 2011:35). The choice of models of characteristics of good expatriate managers for international assignments has been a long and complex affair (Chew, 2004:15). Past models indicated that functional or technical expertise has been the basis of choosing expatriate managers for various assignments (Sonja, 2003:555). Intensified attempts aimed at identifying appropriate expatriate managers were based on recognising personal characteristics of candidates that could enable them serve as better expatriate managers (Fajana, 2011:58). In other words, training improved their survival during the assignments (Camilleri, 2011:35). Though the models selection may vary according different nations, they are all based on potential characte ristics and functional capabilities of prospective candidates (Huang and Lawler, 2005:1670). It can observed that early studies made out specific issues that could influence the success or failure of expatriate managers, originally very little was done to come up with a systemic approach to the expatriate selection process.It is clear that systemic, organisational and environmental issues impact on an expatriate’s success or failure that were observed from research done on expatriate selection  ... On the other hand, the explanatory approach has been recently adjusted to a predictive approach that takes into account a study of personality characteristics of potential expatriate managers (Budhwar and Sparrow, 2002:377). Specifically, researchers pay more attention to the predictive approach using the big five personality characteristics (Jens, 2007:25). The five characteristics for expatriate success include extroversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness, openness, and intellect. Despite the fact that personality characteristics are said to have predictive power in relation to the success of expatriate managers, the practical research to support this position is insufficient (Semerae et al., 2007:71). An all-inclusive study conducted on the big five characteristics found that conscientiousness was concluded to be the best predictor for individual performance (Jackson, 2002:14). In addition to, the link to organisational performance using this approach as the primary selection is somewhat uncertain. Moreover, the big five attributes the development of classification of soft skills that have been used in expatriate manager selection (Azolukwam and Perkins, 2009:23). Various skill classification schemes have been used to demonstrate the objective of practitioners to set up multiple means to forecast the success of expatriate managers (Price, 2000:45). The Ashridge Management Research Centre stated five skill categories with different items in each classification (Harvey and Novicevic, 2001:71). These include language capabilities, openness to different cultures, strategic awareness and adaptability environmental situations. Other studies that support the soft skill model have increased the number of

Community College vs. Universities Essay Example for Free

Community College vs. Universities Essay Which is better, a community college or university? Both are a great experience. But In my opinion you would benefit more affectively from a community college. There are multiple reasons why a community is better, such as a cheaper cost. In this economy cheaper sounds much nicer than an expensive university. Also a smaller class, which means more hands on experience with your teacher. And the hours would be more flexible, adjusting to your lifestyle. I could sit for hours for and name many more reason; the examples are numerous but let’s go a little deeper into the details and see if you’ll also agree with me. For starters, in our current economy cheaper sounds very alluring and tempting. Although you can’t put a price on your education, it’s nice to know you’re getting your money’s worth. Being said; the average tuition for a university is 4,694 dollars. And the whole sum for the full four years is roughly about 35,000 dollars (A real eye opener for a soon to be college student! ) The community college is lower and tuition lesser than half reaching only about 2,076 dollars. Meaning you can take classes and earn credits toward a two year or four year degree program at a lower cost. With a university the price expectations can be difficult to reach. You never know if you get into your major and want to switch it up; in that case it would’ve just been a waste of time and money. So the difference in the prices should already be opening your thoughts on if you should be considering a community college over a university. Also, if you like more hands on opportunities with your teachers a community college would be perfect for you. Community Colleges tend toward fewer students per class, which means more student/teacher interaction. The standard number of students in a community class is around 15 to 20 students. In a smaller class, professors have the opportunity to learn more about their students and become more entwine in your work personally. And you will also have a much easier time getting to know your classmates, compared to a university where’s there’s about 40 to 50 a class. In which classes would be more lectured instead of having that one on one time. That could result in you not fully understanding the work or your teacher’s method. Also, this is good for students who like access to their instructors so they can ask questions and avoids getting lost in the course material or in the shuffle. Therefore, it shows that size matters when it comes to education, and reducing class size is an important step in promoting effective learning. Another asset to being in a community college is being able to adjust your school schedule to your lifestyle. For instant, many students dont realize that if they plan on working while attending school, community college is hands down, the best option. For example, having a job while going to school can become very difficult. A job schedule is very unpredictable, and so are the people you work with. And whoever you work for may need you to come in early or work late, so having an early or night class may help you out. And another crucial scenario that a lot of school student have nowadays is children. Sometimes you’re put in a situation where u may have to be with your child, or have to pick them up from school. That may cause you to miss a day of class, or in worser cases days of school. A community college offers far more night classes then a university college, which means there can be more personal adjustments to you schedule. Versus a university, where it may be more backbreaking to deal with the schedule they apply to you. University students are expected to do university as if it’s a full-time job, and then some. As such, the schools will not flinch to schedule a crucial class at 8 or 9 in the morning, five days a week. In doing, it would become extremely difficult to work a 9 to 5. Concluding, community college sounds way more stable and appealing to the upcoming college student. The pricing is more affordable year round, so you still have cash for the necessary necessities. If you’re looking for more hands on experience then it’s also right for you, versus the 50 students that’ll be in your university class. Lastly it would be lighter on your schedule, especially if you are trying to keep a 9 to 5 job, or juggle kids. To wrap it all up, the university life isn’t as glamorous as it may appear. It may look appealing on TV but the price will make you reconsider.

Balancing Productivity and Quality Patient Care

Balancing Productivity and Quality Patient Care Balancing Productivity and Quality Patient Care Abstract The purpose of this examination is to identify challenges balancing productivity and quality patient care as it stands from a supervisory position. Today’s supervisors must not only focus on their staff and patients, but also on the organizational business aspects such as increasing productivity and quality patient care. Supervisors are getting sandwiched between balancing productivity and quality care. In this somewhat daunting quandary the supervisors must strive to find ways to accomplish both missions. As I will propose this will require communication changes in organizational health care systems and a paradigm shift in current ideologies in the health care industry. Let’s start off in my own backyard so to speak, my organization is a Nursing and Rehabilitation hospital. The Mission statement is, â€Å"Come Here, Get Well, and Go Home†. This is a 213 bed facility. There are approximately 135 employees throughout the organization working on any given day. The organization specializes in sub-acute care, long-term care and has a rehabilitation unit. Also the organization has physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy components to support patient’s recovery. All of these people in organization eventually may have some contact with a new patient at different times in the recovery process. It is obvious from a macro-perspective it would be difficult to realize any improvements in productivity or patient care without solid supervisory skills and knowledge. Nursing is my focus and professional occupation in which I will narrow the field to nursing for this examination. As a nursing supervisor one has to continually be knowledgeable to accomplish both goals of productivity and quality patient care. Their responsibilities include planning, organizing and overseeing staff. Nurse supervisors provided leadership two staffs under their charge. The nurse supervisor implements and interprets organizational policies and procedures maintaining nursing standards and regulations. They also continually evaluate patient care and ensuring their satisfaction. A nursing supervisor skills also include budgeting, prioritizing duties and delegating responsibilities. Some of the obstacles that impede the ability of nursing supervisors out of their control is rising healthcare expenditures have motivated spending reforms such as Medicares payment system. While such initiatives aim to limit wasteful healthcare expenses, they may inadvertently result in lower-quality care: providers may face an incentive to reduce the quality of their treatments to minimize costs and increase patient loads. (McDevitt, 2013) Unfortunately this is not the only pressure in which health care organizations have to do more with less. Supplies, operating costs, state and national legislation has placed a huge strain on the healthcare system at large. In the past nursing productivity has been the defined as the ratio of patient care per hour, per patient to salary and benefit costs paid out to staff by the organization. (Kohr, 2012) In the current economy this does not take into consideration the level of expertise in which nurses must process information to accomplish the goals of increased productivity and patient care. After all of that is said: Nursing productivity models of any kind should take into account patients’ needs, nursing competencies, the availability of material resources, and services provided. Nursing workload is a direct reflection of these variables and affects the delivery of patient care, patient safety, as well as satisfaction of nurses and of patients and their family members. Many investigators have linked nursing staff indicators and nurse staffing with patients’ outcomes (Kohr, 2012) The problems of balancing productivity with quality patients care are reducing costs and employee hours for the sake of protecting the bottom line is that really â€Å"protecting the patient?.† Yet that statement has clearly infiltrated and grayed the area between professional ethical, moral boundaries. In attempts at optimizing for efficiency are we as supervisors ultimately must manage both dichotomies. Managing these dichotomies is seemingly overwhelming at first glance. This is what I mean by the proverbial sandwich effect, the danger here is being so overwhelmed that you are paralyzed into doing nothing. I contend that productivity and quality patient care are not at odds with one another: they are both vital to the success of any healthcare organization. The essence of productivity vs. quality patient care dilemma is this: Productivity is visible, continuous, readily-understood and directly measured: a daily metric. On the other hand, quality patient care is invisible, boring, discontinuous, indirect, and its success is measured by the absence of negative outcomes. (Appel, 2012) Now that’s somewhat of a quandary. Almost in the same breath organizations are willing to state quality patient care is our core principle. The problem, however, is turning that vision into action: it is in the daily operations (Appel, 2012) and responsibility functions of the nurse supervisor, this is where the rubber meets the road. Nurse supervisors are critical to the surveillance and coordination that reduce such adverse outcomes. Much work remains to be done in evaluating the impact of nursing care on positive quality care indicators, such as appropriate self-care and other measures of improved health status. (Mitchell, 2008) Nurse supervisors must instill in the people that they manage to continually gather information that can be correlated into data to finding that balance between productivity and quality patient care. Whether it be quantitative or qualitative data all must be brought together to facilitate to make informed decision for possible change. Harnessing this information could unlock knowledge that may elicit innovations striking that balance between productivity and quality patient care. Leave no stone unturned, is the mantra of nurse supervisors in today’s tough economic and social times. How do we start? Communication, communication, communication is essential to establish any opportunity to balance a seemingly diametrically opposed processes. They can be integrated (productivity and quality patient care) to provide success for the organization and the patient. Tighter reins of communication and functions must be streamlined for optimal performance. Nurse supervisors can trigger a needs analysis of the situation informing the employees and organization that there is a performance gap between productivity and quality patient care. This brings in the team concept of the organization as a whole (everyone’s job) needs to be the spearhead, focal point for systematic change and concern with both issues of productivity and quality patient care. A decision-making structures is needed, a paradigm shift. What is a paradigm shift? Stephen Covey suggests that a paradigm shift is what we might call the AHA ! experience when someone finally sees the composite picture in another way or finally sees the light. (Covey, 2004) The health care industry has been moving â€Å"paradigm shift toward placing more value on quality and outcomes. This affect has changed in the way health care organizations do business. Higher quality can be the solution, said Dr. Michael Ogden, chief clinical integration officer with Cornerstone Health Care during the discussion at High Point University. In health care specifically, higher quality could actually lead to lower costs. (Covington, 2014) As a nurse supervisor myself this sounds good but how do we get there? Some employers and health plans are pushing for greater price transparency. They argue that if consumers realized that they could receive high-quality services from lower-cost providers, they would seek them out. This, in turn, could encourage competition among providers based on the value of care not just on reputation and market share. (Unknown, 2012) Another aspect would be to empower the patients to be active participants making decisions about their own care. Empowerment of the patient also means to include them as a part of the health care team which may stimulate opportunities and innovation. As a nurse supervisors some of these ideas are not new, I however assert that nurse supervisors must educate themselves to perform their managerial duties at high levels, not only will the organization benefit, but so too will the patients. Nurse supervisors will need considerable intestinal fortitude to sustain balancing productivity and quality patient care. A nurse supervisor of the future will have to be multi-dimensional with traits like leadership and persuasion skills. Nurse supervisors must show empathy, creating trust with coworkers and patients. They must also have analysis skills, to be able to make fact-based decisions. Last but not least, a nurse supervisor must have performance management and coaching skills to follow through on goals and objectives. Finally, I concludes this examination by making a statement that balancing productivity and quality patient care will always be challenging. References Appel, M. (2012, April 20). KevinMD. Retrieved from The problem of mixing productivity with patient safety: http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2012/04/problem-mixing-productivity-patient-safety.html Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change. New York : Free Press a division of Simon and Schuster. Covington, O. (2014, March 21st). Health care providers tout paradigm shift as path to reining in costs. Triad Business Journal. Kohr, L. M. (2012, November Volume 21, No 6). American Journal of Critical Care. Retrieved from Building a Nurse and Productivity Measure Based on this Energy Model: http://www.aacn.org/wd/Cetests/media/A1221063.pdf McDevitt, P. L. (2013, February). Productivity and Quality in Health Care:Evidence from the Dialysis Industry. Retrieved from http://www.econ.psu.edu/~plg15/gm_dialysis_Feb2013.pdf. Mitchell, P. H. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville, Md: Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Unknown. (2012, April/May). The Commonwealth fund. Retrieved from Quality Matters: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Newsletters/Quality-Matters/2012/April-May/In-Focus.aspx

The Role of Women in Shakespeares Tragedies Essay -- Tragedy Plays Sh

The Role of Women in Shakespeare's Tragedies In Shakespeare’s tragedies and his plays in general, we can come across several types of female characters. Their influence with other characters and their purpose or role, often underestimated like women themselves, will be this essay’s main subject. Women in Shakespearean plays have always had important roles, sometimes even the leading role. Whether they create the main conflicts and base of the plays, or bring up interesting moral and cultural questions, they have always been put in challenging situations. Some women are stronger than others, and their effect on the play is different for each one. They often even surpass the male heroes. It’s almost unbelieveable, if we take into consideration the status of women, of course with its discrimination and cruel conditions, in Shakespeare’s days - sixteenth century Elizabethan England. But there could have been many reasons, why he gave his characters such qualities. It could have been the Queen Elizabeth I. on the throne, or a certain influence of his marriage with older woman. Some modern critics claim, he was a feminist, or on the contrary it is historically incorrect, because we shouldn’t forget that he wrote maily for a male entertainment. Particulary in h is comedies we frequently see a woman take on the strongest character, while often in his tragedies he has a male play the isolated tragic hero. It’s highly necessary to know the context to fully understand it. The women couldn't do much of anything but cook and clean for their husbands. They were also spoken to and commanded like they were common dogs. Also the women did not get to choose who they married. They were supposed to act like dolls. Their loyalty belonged first to their fathers and then to their husbands. This patriarchal structure has forced them to become repressed and helpless, not only in the eyes of men and society. Overall women were treated horrible compared to today's time. There’s evident inspiration and writer’s reaction. Nevertheless, in the midst of this male-dominant society Shakespeare portrays women with strengths at least equal to those of men. Shakespeare's views on women clearly define his plays and how, by using the women as some of the most powerful and stage dominating characters, and he shows a remarkable gift for breaking down the barriers that held women captiv... ...ve. Lady Macbeth’s behavior certainly shows that women can be as ambitious and cruel as men. Whether because of the constraints of her society or because she is not fearless enough to kill, Lady Macbeth relies on deception and manipulation rather than violence to achieve her ends. Beyond doubt, three witches, as supernatural characters in â€Å"Macbeth†, embody an unreasoning, instinctive evil. They represent Macbeth‘s evil ambitions and aspirations. It is evident the women’s role in Shakespeare’s tragedy is unlike his comedy. In comedies the women are empowered, that means they are mostly strong, independent, and capable, despite the male-dominant society of Elizabethan England. But in fact, women who were gifted and imaginative were not given the chance to develop their skills to become better in their craft. are often depicted as meek, obedient, and vapid creatures who stand behind their husbands. Their biggest role is usually one as wife or sister, hardly ever straying to be different. And that reflects exactly on Shakespearean tragic female characters, along with all difficulties, struggle and despair. Unfortunately, some of these characters survived not only in drama...

Our Need to Idolize :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Our Need to Idolize In a small way, I think we're all monarchists at heart--as long as we pick the monarchy and can change it at whim. It's when we lose control that we start to panic.The recent death of John F. Kennedy, Jr. started me thinking about who the Associated Press and A&E have called "an American prince." Why does this need to have someone to idolize exist? Where does it come from? Most of us, if we trace back far enough in our family trees, came from countries ruled by a king and queen. For centuries, those dreams of the glamorous royalty lingered in our collective unconscious. Little girls often grew up dreaming about being a princess. Prince William, especially after Princess Diana's death, has become a common pin-up in middle school lockers everywhere, right alongside the Backstreet Boys and 'N-Sync. Surely capitalism and dreams of wealth and status are only a part of the equation. Perhaps instead it's slightly masochistic: we all want to be ruled in some way. We want to be told what to do: it makes life easier. This desire to remain passive conflicts with what we also crave--freedom. At least for us Americans, we cannot simply yield the power our ancestors fought for. Without kings and queens, we have instead found other people to idolize and, without being explicit, they tell us what to do. Instead of the threat of incarceration or death, if we refuse to follow these mandates, we’re simply unpopular--a fate, according to some teens, worse than or equal to death. Millions of women adopted the "Rachel" haircut because Jennifer Aniston had it. A desire to "be like Mike" led to a sports marketing craze: for a while, I could not find a single neighborhood pickup game without someone in a Jordan jersey. Is this that radically different than Peter the Great coming back from France and commanding the men to shave their beards? Well, our adherence to celebrity suggestions is, as we Americans like it, largely voluntary. But the fact that we volunteer to follow someone else is significant. If there's one thing Americans can relate to, it's personal stories of their celebrities. National Enquirer is not an invention of today's society, but a continuation of Walter Winchell and Hollywood Confidential. John F. Kennedy’s assassination was one of the first to be broadcast on television--remember Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald on live television--and combined the immediacy of life with visual cues.

Drama Evaluation †Curious Incident Essay

By using the hot seating and role play work to the best of my advantage, I discovered that Siobhan, my character, feels very strongly about Chris and she cares deeply about him because at the beginning, when being asked if she knew him well, Siobhan continuously repeated ‘oh yes, he’s a lovely boy’. The constant repetition also suggested to me that she feels quite protective over him. Her motivation of sticking up for Chris hitting a police officer seems self-explanatory after realising how deeply she cares for him, as I have explained above. She seemed adamant on getting the fact that Chris wouldn’t have done it with bad intentions because she just doesn’t like to be touched. I expect the reason why she feels so close to Chris is because in some ways, she is the closest Chris has to a mum. She also told the police officer about Chris’ family situations because I interpreted her as a worrier. It was brought to my attention how much Siobhan fears about Chris’ future because when answering the police officer’s question of ‘Do you worry what will happen to Chris? , she said ‘yes because whilst he’s at an already mature age, he still doesn’t understand many things that are so simple yet are so confusing to him due to his Asperger’s syndrome’. I found that Siobhan has an optimistic personality because she kept on stating clearly with confidence ‘Chris will be fine’. This obviously suggests that she hopes for the best for Chris. She also cam e across as the complete opposite of Chris as she is bubbly, likes a joke and is very chatty whereas I am aware that Chris does not simply like to chat. The hot seating and role play work proved to me that Siobhan faces the dilemma of knowing that she should let Chris figure out things for himself but she feels so strongly with care for him that she feels bad for even thinking about leaving him to it and only guiding him when absolutely necessary. Using explorative strategies helped me by giving me an insight into how Siobhan won’t get on with someone if they are negative towards Chris. This happened in my role-play when the police officer said ‘He’s obviously a very stupid boy for doing what he did’. Siobhan replied with a nasty tone, called the police officer ‘stupid’ as well and became less responsive to what she was like at the beginning. Maybe her defensiveness is too strong sometimes†¦ Both strategies put together definitely changed my view on the theme of disability because now, I feel prejudice can be a key factor in how disabled people are treated. The strategies made it clear that because of Chris’ problem, people act differently. It’s why Siobhan cares so much and a reason for why Ed feels so stressed. Loyalty seems important too because Siobhan stood up for Chris even though he did do something bad and Ed was betrayed by his wife. I know the betrayal took its toll on Ed because my partner’s role play included him talking about it and revealed how crushed he was by it. From the still image work, I have learnt that Ed, Katy’s character, feels immense pressure on him due to the hardship of caring for a boy with special needs without having the reliance of a wife. I know this because of one non-naturalistic still image we created. It portrayed the rest of the group and I standing on chairs so we were taller than Ed and pushing down on him with our hands. By doing this, it helped me understand how Ed feels under massive amounts of pressure and stress to care for Chris, to cope without a wife and to have to live with the fact that he killed Wellington. In another still image, Ed was seen scrunched up into a corner and this infers to the audience that he feels alone and may feel that he doesn’t have anyone to go to talk about his struggles with, especially now that he and Mrs. Shears are not on talking terms. The still image containing the police officer pointing at Chris with a stern expression was effective in explaining how frustrated he was with Chris. Whilst the police officer was pointing at Chris, Chris showed an expression of confusion which is visually powerful because it proves that Chris didn’t mean any harm and that, in certain terms, he is innocent. My group and I chose to create multiple pieces of thought tracking for particular powerful moments to express how characters really felt at that stage in the story. I noticed that at some points, a character’s facial expression didn’t match their real thoughts. For example, Siobhan before the thought tracking showed pity for Chris yet when she spoke, she expressed anger towards Ed. I feel that the strategy gave me an insight into how Siobhan really disagreed with the choices Ed made regarding Chris. During our section, when Ed tells Chris a lie about his mum being in hospital, I am now aware of how that lie may badly affect Chris later on and how it may not have been the best decision. The thought tracking definitely change my feelings about Ed because beforehand, I didn’t think he was that unsure of himself. I had always got the impression that he knew he was in control, due to the numerous times he shouted at Chris and told him what to do. It also provided me with new-found sympathy for Siobhan because even though she seems to know what is best for Chris, she hasn’t got the confidence to tell Ed. As a result of our exploration, I feel that I can empathize with Chris more because when he did his thought tracking, he focused on how he didn’t understand what his dad was saying. Sometimes I don’t get what adults say and as much as I try to tell them what I don’t understand, sometimes they don’t get it because what may be so simple to them isn’t so simple to someone younger. When we staged our section, although our transitions were slightly limited, I feel we made up for it in the use of physical theatre because there was never one time that any of my group didn’t have a part. For instance, when performing the scene where Chris comes home from school, Katy took the part of a flower pot which actually helped and made sense to our section; Chris had to retrieve the secret key, and using Katy as the flower pot added to the feeling that even when Chris was alone he felt like he was being watched. When I was speaking about how Chris had to figure out who ‘had done it’ by doing detecting, as a group, we mimed the actions to what I was saying in unison to make it look more visually interesting and to show how seriously Chris was taking it. I feel that we used levels particularly well when acting out the police station scene because Peggy, the police officer, stood tall, confident and intimidating, towering over Chris to increase her superiority. This made her come across as a confident authority figure that was in her most comfortable environment whereas Chris was not. I portrayed my role as Siobhan by becoming more facially anxious with frowns and tension etched on my forehead yet bubbly when speaking. When Chris came home from school, I spoke faster and moved around quicker, too, to suggest she is a lively, but rather agitated person. However, I made sure that I was always fiddling with my thumbs to tell the audience that beneath her excitement, there was a subtext of uncertainty. I feel that out of all the characters in my section, I empathised most with Chris most due to the reason that I have mentioned above. Also, mainly because he is the closest to my age so even though I do not have his problem, I can relate to how he thinks a little bit. The play as a whole made me appreciate the hardship of parenting regardless of whether you have a child with a disability or not. I have also learnt that in the play, trust is what people want yet very rarely get. For instance, Ed didn’t tell Chris the truth about his mum when he does have a right to know. Out of all the people, I feel Ed should have been there for Chris to show trust and loyalty during the hardest times.

Fresh Food and Canned Food

Eating is most important activity in our life. Some people eat 2 times, 4 times, or some people in poor countries eat only 1 time a day. We live in a world where the variety of food is immense, and we are responsible for what we eat. We decide what we are about to eat and how it will affect our bodies. The three main differences between fresh food and canned food are flavor, health benefits, and cost. The most notable difference between these two kinds of foods is their flavor.Fresh food have great flavor and taste because they keep all their natural conditions. Canned food however, lack a lot of its flavor characteristics because there are some other chemical products added to the natural foods. Fresh food will have a greater taste and flavor when consumed just because of the time in which they have been prepared. Comparing both types of foods there is another difference. There is a health factor that affects both of them.Canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients a nd vitamins when stored, and also it has to be tinned with many conservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could also become toxic if consumed too often. Yet another difference between these two types of foods is the cost. Canned food are much more expensive than fresh foods. The benefit of buying tinned foods is that they are easier to find, for example, in a supermarket instead of the market like the fresh foods.When you look at the picture of the canned food it is so beautiful and it makes you buy it, but when you open it later you will see that they do not match and the taste is not good. Canned food requires less work than fresh food, even sometimes no work at all. If you decide to make food instead buying it ready you would have to spend at least 2 or 3 hours, but you will get delicious food that everyone will enjoy it. Fresh foods are always good for your health, but if you do not have enough time it is fine to get ca nned food. Eating canned food is not recommended, because it can make you sick and you might get diseases from that.

EPA †Policy-making in the Federal System Essay

The federal government enacted the Clean Air Act, so as to protect the citizens of the United States. At the same time Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency with its primary role of regulating and the enforcement of environmental policies at the state and tribal levels. A brief history on air pollution, in October 1928 in the industrial town of Donora Pennsylvania a thick cloud formed. This thick cloud lingered for five days, causing sickness in 6,000 and killing 20 of the town’s people. And in 1952, over 3,000 people died in London to what is known as the â€Å"Killer Fog†. These events alerted the federal government to the dangers that can come from air pollution and the public health issues that can arise from pollutants in the air. The original Clean Air Act of 1963 was passed, establishing funding for the study and cleaning of air pollution. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established and began operating on December 2, 1970. The EPA’s primary responsibility is enforcing and regulating the laws, these regulations and laws are for protecting the environment and public health. The EPA is a regulatory agency that Congress has authorizes to write regulation that explains the critical details that are necessary to implement environmental laws. (epa.gov/laws-regulation) The Clean Air Act – 42 U.S.C.  §7401 et seq. (1970), regulated air emissions from stationary and mobile sources. With the approval of this Act the EPA was able to establish the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) which regulates emissions of hazardous air pollutants that can harm public health. The Energy Policy Act – 42 USC  §13201 et seq. (2005) addressing energy  production in the United States, such as Energy efficiency; Renewable energy; Oil and gas; Coal; Nuclear matters; Vehicles and motor fuels. This Act provides loan guarantees for entities that develop or use inventive was that avoid producing greenhouse gases. Another provision of the Act increases the amount of biofuel that must be mixed with gasoline sold in the United States. (epa.gov/laws-regulation) America’s federal environmental laws set national standards, and on the condition that a state can shoulder the crucial task by enforcing these standards, they do by adopting laws that are as severe as the federal laws. Many states have assumed these responsibilities of enforcing the national standards by giving responsibility of specific programs throughout agencies within the state. The federal government is the overseer that enforces all cases and supervises the states’ activities while also monitoring state and the tribal operations of the Environmental Protection Agency programs. The Environmental Protection Agency supports the states and tribes to achieve effective enforcement and environmental compliance, and maintains support approved state programs through grant funds, and involvement. The Environmental Protection Agencies and state agencies make active efforts to educate the regulated community. A numerous compliance assistance tools have been put in place to help business, industry and state governments to conform to the environmental requirements. Web sites have been developed; hotlines, workshops, compliance training, fact sheets, and additional compliance guidelines are given to the regulated community. The Clean School Bus Program unites businesses, education, transportation, and public health organizations to encourage actions to stop the unnecessary idling of public schools busses. Modifying old schools busses with better emissions control technologies and proving cleaner fuels. The EPA is publishing a proposed rule designed to reduce air pollution, in 2017 the Tier 3 design would set new standards for vehicle emissions criteria and lessen the sulfur found in gasoline. This new rule would reduce tailpipe and evaporative emissions. The lower sulfur gasoline will improve  fuel economy by reducing gas consumption as well as reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency seeks to provide a healthy environment. By partnership-building with states and communities the reduction of environmental pollutants becomes a joint venture. References: Retrieved from: http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-energy-policy-act Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/documents/tier3/420f13016a.pdf Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/peg/understand.html

Charlotte

From the ginning of the story, it was already manifested how friendship and love became the foundation fifths novel, due to Fern's love for Wilbur he was saved from the hands of Mr.. Arable who intends to take the life of Wilbur. Despite Fern being only a little girl, she thought of Wilbur as her own child, whom he cared for and love so much. Aside from this, one of the greatest proofs of how important friendship is was depicted between Charlotte and Wilbur. Without Charlotte help, Wilbur would be butchered in the slaughterhouse.In addition, it is exhibited in the story, that even though Charlotte life was nearing its end, she still thought of helping Wilbur, together with Templeton, in the fair to provide moral support for her friend. Although Charlotte passed away in the end, her life became more meaningful and happier by helping Wilbur. Wilbur was not only saved from being killed, but what Charlotte woven words did was more than that, she proved to Wilbur that he is important and that he is loved which I believe is the best feeling anyone could experience.Lastly, before Charlotte die she entrusted her egg sac to Wilbur since she cannot make it back to the barn anymore, and s a loyal and grateful friend, Wilbur not only took the egg sac back to the barn but even cared for the three spiders who were left behind and their succeeding eggs. Setting This story took place in rural America at the Seersucker's barn. The story involved many seasons, although Wilbur was called a spring pig meaning he was born during springtime, most of the story happened during summer and fall. The barn was old yet very large as described in the story.This barn feels very welcoming and comforting as it smelled mostly of hay. Wilbur new home was at the lower part Of the barn, beneath the cows. Since according to Mr.. Seersucker's viewpoint, manure pile is great for pigs as they need mud to keep them warm and comfortable. Characters Wilbur – He is the main character in the book Ch arlotte Web. He is born as a runt of his litter, which caused Mr.. Arable to kill him. Fortunately, he was saved by Fern's love for him. He is very sensitive and vulnerable, yet, with the love from his friends, he was able to live life again better than before.Most of the times he feels insecure and emotional but with his friend Charlotte, he was able to move on to this and gain a little faith in himself. He undergo life's as and downs but with his friends, especially Charlotte, he was able to surpass it all and be happy in the process. He is forever thankful for Charlotte?s love and as a form of showing gratitude for this he looks after her kids. Charlotte A. Cavity – She is a barn spider who lives above Wilbur pigpen, and often portrayed as a heroine of the story. She is cool, collected, practical, talented, clever and loyal to her friends.She played an important part in Wilbur life, often perceived as a mother of Wilbur. She gave all her best effort even in her last day ju st to save Wilbur life and show people who Wilbur really is. Mr.. John Arable – He is Fern's father, who wants to kill Wilbur at first but due to Fern's objections, he spared Wilbur life. He let Fern take care of Wilbur but greatly stand with his decision to sell Wilbur at five weeks old. He is a practical man but at the same time loving especially when it comes to his daughter.Fern Arable – She is an affectionate little girl who saved Wilbur life from an untimely death and the only human being who can understand what animals say. She became a mother to Wilbur until it was time to sell him to his uncle. Despite this, she still visits Wilbur a lot and even kittens to the stories of barn animals. As, the story progresses, she grew up and moved away from the barn where she became more interested with Henry Fussy than Wilbur. Avery Arable – He is Fern's elder brother who is boisterous, aggressive, adventurous and carefree. Unlike Fern, he often wants to kill animals and rule nature.He is also a performer, somewhat like a clown at some point, and works hard in the story. Mrs.. Arable – She is the mother of Fern who at most times is overreacting especially when it comes to her daughter. She is very worried on how Fern thinks that animals can talk and hat most of her time is spent with the animals in the barn. She always try to push Fern to mingle with persons of his own age rather than visiting the barn. Mr.. Homer Ackerman – He is Avery and Fern's uncle and the proprietor of the farm near Rabble's residence. He raises animals for a living. Moreover, he bought Wilbur for six dollars from Fern.He is the saw and believed the words woven by Charlotte about Wilbur and decided not to take him to the slaughterhouse. He benefited from this, since Wilbur became famous and in return he cared more than ever for his animals. He entered Wilbur at a intention in the fair and won twenty-five dollars when Wilbur was granted with a special award. Mrs.. Edith Ackerman – He is the wife of Homer Ackerman who spends her time mostly in the kitchen. She is also the only person who thought that the spider, Charlotte, is the one who is truly amazing than the pig, Wilbur, described by the woven words.Luray – He works at Ackerman who also depicted what a very industrious person truly is. He was the first to see the web of Charlotte and when Wilbur became famous, he then took care of him extra carefully. He is very sensitive with Wilbur especially he does not eat his food. Dry. Dorian -? He is the family doctor of the Rabble's family. He told Mrs.. Arable that Fern might really hear animals talk because there are a lot of things that could not be explained by Science. He even attributed Charlotte web as one of the proofs of how wondrous the nature is. Minister – He is the first person to whom Mr..Ackerman shared the story regarding the writings in the web. He did not really believe him and even thought of Mr.. Acke rman as unusual. Henry Fussy – He is not really a very active character in the story' but was described s one to whom Fern is very fondled of. Templeton -? He is a rat that lives in Wilbur trough. He is portrayed as rather selfish who is also a glutton. Moreover, he would only help Charlotte and Wilbur when they would offer food in return. Nevertheless, he played an important role in finding words to describe Wilbur and in retrieving Charlotte egg sac.Lamb – He is an insensitive Lamb who refused to play with Wilbur and continued to humiliate him by belittling Wilbur saying that pigs mean less than nothing to him. Goose – He likes to tell Wilbur what he should do which most often sends Wilbur into ruble. She is a great mother to her kids and suspicious of the intents of Templeton, so she never lets him near her young ones. Gander – He is the partner of Goose, who like her is also protective of his children. He is brave and strong but quite into violence wh en it comes to Templeton and his goslings. Uncle – He is the large spring pig who competed with Wilbur in the County Fair. He also received a medal for his big size. Joy, Arena and Nellie – They are some of the children Of Charlotte from its egg sac. These spiders are the ones that stay with Wilbur on the barn and became friends with him. Lot Exposition: A new litter of piglets is born on Mr.. Rabble's farm, however one of them is a runt which is deemed to small and weak to be kept on a farm. Fern, the daughter of Mr.. Arable, pleads his father to let the pig live and let her keep it as a pet. Mr..Arable, who loves her daughter so much, gave in to the wish of his daughter and spared the pig. Fern was able to keep his pet, which she named Wilbur, for a few weeks until it was sold to his uncle, Mr.. Homer Ackerman, for six dollars. Rising Action: Although Wilbur felt lonely upon leaving Fern, he soon adjusted in the farm ND made some friends, especially Charlotte whom he mostly depends on. Fern, despite selling Wilbur to his uncle, still cares for the pig and visits him often. Fern, like Wilbur, also made some friends and even listens to their stories.Wilbur became very happy and carefree. He was constantly taken care of and fed slops that he wanted. Until, one day, he received a news. Climax: The lamb then tells Wilbur that Mr.. Ackerman is fattening him up for Christmas dinner. Much to Wilbur dismay, he will soon be brought to the slaughterhouse. This news cause distraught to Wilbur who is already so pappy in the barn and does not want to end up killed for Christmas. Falling Action: Charlotte then assured that she, together with some of their friends, will do anything to save Wilbur.She then weave words into her web, describing Wilbur greatest qualities and praises to him such as â€Å"SOME PIG! ,† ‘TERRIFIC,† â€Å"RADIANT' and so on. This gained attention from people all over the county, which made Mr.. Ackerman rethink of w hether Wilbur should still be brought to the slaughterhouse. Mr.. Ackerman then promised that if Wilbur wins the blue ribbon in the County Fair, he would never be turned into a ham for Christmas. Charlotte became worn out due to this work but still decided to go to the County Fair and help Wilbur win the contest.She then weaves the last word for Wilbur and then goes to work on her egg sac which will hold over five hundred eggs. Resolution: Wilbur anxiously waited to see who won the prize. Unfortunately, his rival, uncle, won the blue ribbon for being the biggest pig. But to everyone's surprise, Wilbur received a special prize for being a terrific and radiant pig! Unfortunately, Charlotte reached the end of her life span and was not able to be with Wilbur after his triumph nor see her children grow. As a sign of irritated for everything that Charlotte did for Wilbur, he vowed to take care of her children.To honor Charlotte, Wilbur hangs his medal on the nail in the doorway where Char lotte web used to be. When the egg sac hatched, most of the new born spiders flew away to find their own homes, but three of them, Joy, Arena and Nellie, stayed on the barn with Wilbur. Wilbur became good friends with them, much to his delight. Year after year new spiders are born to replace the old one but no one was able to match and replace Charlotte in Wilbur heart. Us Mary One morning at the breakfast table, eight year Old Fern sees her father leave he house With an axe and asks her mother where he's going.Her mother delivers the shocking news that Mr.. Arable is going out to kill a runt that was born the night before. Fern chases her father down and persuades him to spare the runt, telling him that it is unjust to kill a piglet just because it is small. Moved by his daughter's plea, Mr.. Arable decides to give the runt to her to look after. Fern names the piglet Wilbur and looks after him like a baby, pushing him in her pram alongside her doll and feeding him with a bottle. At five weeks old Mr.. Arable insists that Wilbur is sold and he goes to live in theAckerman barn down the road. Wilbur initially struggles at the barn because he misses Fern so much but soon he becomes acquainted with new friends, the best of whom is a lady grey spider called Charlotte. Wilbur is fascinated by Charlotte, although to begin with he is slightly suspicious of the way she catches her food – he doesn't like the idea that she spins bugs in her web and sucks their blood. He soon realizes that Charlotte is everything but cruel and bloodthirsty and that her method of eating is entirely necessary for a spider.Wilbur is complete happy during the summer days – Fern comes to visit and is new friend tells him exciting stories and has the patience to try and coach him about how to spin a web (although she knows fine well he will never be able to) but one day he gets some terrible news that puts an end to his carefree attitude. The sheep tells Wilbur that Mr.. Ackerman is fattening him up for Christmas dinner and Wilbur is distraught – he is so happy on the farm and doesn't want to die. Charlotte calms him down and promises him that she won't let him be killed. She hasn't worked out how to save him yet, but she is determined that she will.One morning as Curvy pours Wilbur slops, e notices Charlotte twinkling spider web in the morning fog. The words ‘SOME PIG' have been weaved into the web. Luray is gob smacked and utters a prayer. He quickly tells Mr.. Ackerman who is equally amazed and soon the news spreads near and far. Worried that people may be getting bored of ‘SOME PIG', Charlotte asks Templeton the rat to aid her in finding more words to write in her web. Knowing that if Wilbur is killed he won't have access to his slops, Templeton reluctantly scavenges for newspaper clippings to help Charlotte.The next word she writes is ‘TERRIFIC' and after that, ‘RADIANT. ‘ Meanwhile, Mrs.. Arable is concerned that Fe rn is spending too much time down at the barn and becomes even more alarmed when her daughter tells her about Charlotte and the stories Charlotte tells. Mrs.. Arable decides to go and see Dry. Dorian to ask him what he makes Of Fern thinking the animals can talk and what he makes of the mysterious writing in the web. Dry Dorian is very calm and rational and says that the real miracle is not the writing in the web but the fact that a spider instinctively knows how to build a web without any tuition.He says that it is quite possible that animals can talk and that the season that adults cannot hear them might be because they talk too much to hear what is going on in nature. With the news of Seersucker's famous pig spreading, the Ackermann and Arable decide to take Wilbur to the County Fair. Charlotte agrees to go too although she is feeling tired and soon has to build a sac to hold her eggs. At the fair, Charlotte is disappointed to see that beside Wilbur pen is a much larger spring pi g called Uncle. Knowing he is fierce competition, Charlotte decides to spin another web and once again Templeton is sent off to find a word.The adults and children enjoy homeless at the fair and Avery and Fern are particularly excited that they are allowed to go off without their parents all afternoon. Fern spends all afternoon with Henry Fussy and they go on the Ferris wheel together. For months after, Fern will look back nostalgically at her time on the Ferris wheel with Henry. Before nightfall Charlotte weaves her web with the new word ‘HUMBLE' written into it and throughout the night she makes her egg sac. In the morning the Ackermann and Arable See the web but they also notice that uncle has a blue tag on his pen – he has already won first prize.Mr. Ackerman ignores the tag and tells everyone to buck up and give Wilbur a buttermilk bath. Everyone who comes to Wilbur pen has something good to say about him. Suddenly, over the loudspeaker a voice is heard asking Acke rman to bring his famous pig to the judges' booth for a special award. Wilbur is awarded a medal for being phenomenal and completely out of the ordinary and Mr.. Ackerman is given $25. Since the writing first appeared in the web, the miracle has been on everyone's mind. After the press photos and the commotion, Wilbur is returned to his pen. Wilbur notices thatCharlotte is quiet and looks unwell. She tells him that she is content now that she knows he is safe – she knows Mr.. Ackerman will never harm him now, but she tells Wilbur that she is failing and will be dead in a day or two. Panicked and distraught Wilbur races around the pen, begging Charlotte to come home with him, but she hasn't enough energy to move. Wilbur decides to take Charlotte egg sac and promises Templeton first choice of his slops if he retrieves the sac. As Wilbur carries the sac in his mouth and is led into the crate, he winks at Charlotte and she musters all the energy she can to wave dobby.

Regina V. G and Another Case Brief

Case Title: Regina v. G and another (Appellants) (On Appeal form the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)) Citation: [2003] UKHL 50 Procedural History (PH): The appellants were charged on 22nd August 2000; without lawful excuse damaged by fire; commercial premises and being reckless as to whether such property would be damaged. The appellants stood trial before Judge Maher in March 2001. The appellants’ case at trial was that they expected the fire to extinguish itself on the concrete.It was accepted that neither of them conceived that there was any risk of the fire spreading. At the start of the trial submissions were made on the meaning of â€Å"recklessness†. The judge ruled that he was bound to direct the jury in accordance with R v Caldwell . The Judge then directed the jury on the three matters he listed. The jury was unable to come to a decision on the same day but returned on another day and convicted the appellants. Upon receiving the verdict the judge adjourned the proceedings for a pre-sentence report.The judge made a one year supervision in the case of each appellant. Facts: On the night of 21st -22nd August 2000, the appellants, then aged 11 and 12 respectively went camping without the permission of their parents’, they entered the back yard of the Co-op Shop in Newport Pagnell. They lit some newspapers that they had found. Both defendants threw some lit newspaper under a large plastic wheelie-bin. The defendants left the yard before putting the fire to rest.As a result the newspapers caught fire to the first wheelie-bin which then spread to the other wheelie-bin then spread to the eave, guttering, fascia and the roof and eventually spread to the adjoining buildings. The damages approximated to a sum of 1million Pounds Sterling. Issues: 1. Did the defendant damage by fire the building and the commercial premises? 2. Would the risk created by the defendant been obvious to an ordinary, reasonable, bystander? 3. Had the defendant g iven any thought to the possibility of there being a risk in doing what he did?Judgment: The Appellants succeeded in having their conviction quashed. By the reasons given by Lord Bingham of Cornhill, with the support of Lord Browne-Wilkinson, Lord Steyn, Lord Hutton, and Lord Rodger of Earlsferry. Rule(s) of Law: 1. Did the defendant damage by fire the building and the commercial premises? The appellant did damage the building and commercial premises by fire. During the proceedings, the judge pointed out that there was no doubt in the appellants damaging the building and premises by fire. 2.Would the risk created by the defendant have been obvious to an ordinary, reasonable, bystander? It is accepted that the reasonable bystander is an adult with no particular expertise with the common knowledge and reasoning capabilities. The jury agreed that the reasonable bystander would have been able to foresee the possibility of the fire spreading. Thus the appellants were convicted under stan ding test . The jury was inclined to accept that intention could be shown by proof of reckless disregard of an act perceived by the reasonable man as a risk. 3.Had the defendant given any thought to the possibility of there being a risk in doing what he did? It was agreed on appeal that the boys did not foresee any risk of the fire spreading in the way it eventually did. Many leading academic writers on English criminal law have believe that the criminal law should punish people only for those consequences of their acts, which they foresaw at the relevant time. Supporting Argument: Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea. Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea translates to; the act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty.It is a constructive principle that conviction of serious crime should rely on evidence not merely that the defendant caused an detrimental effect to another but rather that his state of mind when so acting was blameworthy. Willingly disregardin g an appreciated and unacceptable risk of causing a detrimental effect or a methodical and purposeful ignorant state of mind to such risk would also be considered blame worthy. In contrast it is not distinctively culpable to do something that encompasses the gamble of grievance to another in the event of one authentically not identifying the said gamble.Did the judge’s direction transgress the decision of the jury? It can be debated that since R v Caldwell the case at hand precisely outlines that Lord Diplock’s direction is capable of persuading evident unfairness. The trial judge admitted to the regret of his direction to the jury which transgressed the decision of the jury. The jury may have inferred that persons the same age of the appellants would have understood the risk involved however this was not their decision. However the jury thought it unfair to convict them.It is not considered moral or just to convict a defendant s a result of what another may have under stood if the defendant had no such understanding himself. Was the interpretation of â€Å"recklessly† wrong? In section 1 of the Act, it was shown that the interpretation of â€Å"recklessly† to have been misleading. Had the misinterpretation not conflicted with any principle or had not intensified an injustice; the misinterpretation would not have had any impact, however it resulted in the opposite.Thus it is vital for the correction of the misinterpretation of â€Å"recklessly†. Losing Argument: Should the rule in R v Caldwell be modified? The modification would defy the principle that conviction depends on the mens rea of the defendant. If the principle was modified to accommodate children on the grounds of naivety it would be uncharacteristic if no modification was made to include the mentally handicapped on the grounds of their narrow ability of perception.Implementing modifications of this classification will encourage challenging and controversial debate with regard to the qualities and characteristics plausible for comparison. The implementation of this modification will replace one misinterpretation for another. Were the appellants reckless? A person is said to be reckless if knowing that there is a risk that an event may occur as a consequence of their conduct as defined by The Merriam Webster dictionary .A defendant is only considered to have acted recklessly by the advantage of their failure to give any thought to the risk or property damage that may have been apparent had they given any thought to the matter. Determining if a risk would have been apparent to the defendant is very unpredictable. The tribunal of fact should not acknowledge the defendant’s proclamation that it never occurred to them that there was risk of property damage providing that the conditions, prospects, and evidence point that the thought process must have crossed their mind. Obiter Dicta’ The meaning of â€Å"maliciously† It is unde rstood by the court that use of the term ‘maliciously’ requires proof of intension. Malice necessitates an authentic objective to do a precise kind of destruction. The court accepts that â€Å"maliciously† introduces consciousness that an act may have the consequence of causing substantial impairment to some other person despite if the impairment foreseen was reasonably minimal.

International Business Strategies in Action Assignment - 2

International Business Strategies in Action - Assignment Example McDonald’s decided to penetrate the Chinese fast food market in the year 1992 by establishing the company’s store in Shenzhen and later in Beijing which was the world’s largest fast food retail outlet owned by the company. The objective of McDonald’s in expanding internationally was evidently to attain competitive advantage in the international market gaining the opportunities rendered by other economies such as China. For instance, China has been witnessed to be one of the fastest growing economies in terms of population, customer demand and technology since the 1990s. It is in this context that DeWit & Meyer stated the organisational purpose or mission to play a significant role in influencing the internationalisation strategies of a company. The organisational purpose of McDonald’s is depicted through its mission statement, i.e. â€Å"Plan to Win†. Through its mission statement, the company has always focused on deriving superior customer satisfaction, sustainable growth, along with the continuous development of its operations and enhancement of customers’ experiences as competitive advantages.... atement, the company has always focused on deriving superior customer satisfaction, sustainable growth, along with the continuous development of its operations and enhancement of customers’ experiences as competitive advantages (McDonald’s, 2011). However, in relation to McDonald’s entry in China, the prime objective of the company can be witnessed to attain a competitive advantage in terms of differentiation with due concern to the increasing competition of the global market. For instance, McDonald’s in its entry strategies fundamentally focused on the consumer demand of China in relation to American fast food items with the sole intention to differentiate its products from that of its competitors not only in the Chinese market but in the global market as well (Luo, 2000). Therefore, it was quite likely that the entry strategies adopted by the company were likely to be influenced by the external environmental factors of the then Chinese economy. 3.0 Situa tional Analysis: PESTLE Analysis of China 3.1 Political Environment In the early 1990s, the political system of China was recorded to be under significant change from the Confucian statecraft towards Marxism point-of-view. It was during this period that the Chinese economy was concentrating on mobilisation and was opening up to the external world that in turn gave rise to various political issues (Shambaugh & Et. Al., 2000). 3.2 Economic Environment China’s growth during the period was observed as outstanding in the global market. During the 1990s, China witnessed rapid growth in terms of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) earning as depicted in the chart below. Figure 1. China’s GDP in 1990s Source: (Flores & Et. Al., 2003). However, the GDP growth rate of the economy was observed to be highly fluctuating

Russian Lit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Russian Lit - Essay Example This is the tragedy of their love. The Theme of Love in The Lady with the Little Dog. The Lady with the Little Dog is one of Anton Chekhov’s most popular short stories and also one of the greatest love stories in literature. The entire narrative revolves round the theme of love. The protagonists, Dmitri Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna, are married and have their own separate, routine family lives that are not particularly cruel or intolerable. As such, their passion is not something which automatically deserves approval. However, the compassion and tenderness with which the author delineates the love between Dmitri and Anna arouses the reader’s sympathy and justifies their common search for a meaningful relationship. Their passion transforms the cynical Dmitri into a true lover and a more compassionate man. The Lady with the Little Dog is a story of illicit passion and the conclusion is ambiguous. There is no ‘they lived happily ever after’ at the end. Their inab ility to overcome the clandestine nature of their meetings lends a tragic note to the narrative. They are doomed to live apart. The protagonists’ love arises from a shared need, transforms Dmitri’s cynicism into true passion, and leads to their living double lives which cannot be reconciled with social norms. Dmitri and Anna come to Yalta with the shared experience of loveless married lives. Both have been married early in their respective lives: obviously in marriages which have been arranged for convenience, according to the custom in the Russia of those days. Dmitri is afraid of his wife and does â€Å"not like to be at home† (Chekhov, p. 361), while Anna despises her husband for being â€Å"a lackey† (Chekhov, , p.365). Both of them are obviously in search of romance and have come to Yalta prepared to actively seek out and enjoy new experiences and pleasures. Dmitri is lured by the â€Å"tempting thought of a swift, fleeting love affair,† (Chek hov, p.362) and Anna yearns for â€Å"something better --- a different life† (Chekhov, p. 366). Anna is aware of Dmitri’s motive in pursuing her, but does nothing to discourage him. In spite of her moral qualms, and the comparative innocence of her character, she voluntarily surrenders to her passion. They deliberately embark on a one week fling, which they fully expect to be a temporary indulgence. However, contrary to their expectations, the beautiful surroundings, their common needs, and their shared celebration of â€Å"this sweet delirium, this madness,† (Chekhov, , p.368), take root as enduring love. Dmitri enters into his relationship with Anna in the same spirit of cynicism with which he has always dealt with women in the past: despising them as â€Å"an inferior race!† (Chekhov, , p.362). Being unfaithful to his wife is nothing new to him. He is bored and irritated by Anna’s remorse and her continuous fear of being despised by him for bein g a â€Å"trite, trashy woman† (Chekhov, , p.366). He admits that she is deceived in thinking him to be â€Å"kind, extraordinary, lofty† (Chekhov, , p.368). He is ready to put Yalta behind him and move on with life in Moscow. He is totally unprepared to find that his memory of Anna â€Å"followed him everywhere like a shadow and watched him† (Chekhov, , p.369). What begins as just a search for another conquest ends with making a new man of him. He realizes that â€Å"there was no person closer, dearer and more important to him in the whole world† (Chekhov, , p.372). He complacently thinks it is she who loves him and continues

International business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International business law - Essay Example A contract and an agreement do not have equal status in the eyes of the law because the former is used in a legal context whilst the other is normally employed in a generic, non-legal sense. A contract is a term used to refer to the coming together of the minds (in other words, an agreement) of two or more parties, the terms of which are binding upon them, and is enforceable in a court of law. It necessarily denotes accompanying obligations and duties of the parties. An agreement, on the other hand, is not legally enforceable and does not create binding obligations on the part of the parties.1 The word â€Å"contract† indicates a much deeper and broader implication than an agreement because of the requirement of certain essential and formal elements to constitute, features not required in an agreement. To legally constitute a contract, the elements of offer and acceptance, consideration, legality of subject, intention to create legal relations, form, and definite terms, among others, must be present.2 An agreement, which necessarily refers to offer and acceptance, is only a part of a contract, but does not make up all of it. An agreement does not need consideration, definite terms, relevant form, and an intention to create legal relations for its formation. ... Moreover, the implication of a contract’s legal enforceability is that whenever one of the parties to it have breached any of its terms, the other can seek recourse in a court of law to recover remedies in accordance with law. Thus, an injured party to a contract can apply for damages, discharge, specific performance, injunction, rescission and reformation.†4 Since agreements are not legally enforceable, the aforesaid remedies are not available to it. B. Kingsley Limited Paul’s dilemma falls into fitness of the goods for the purpose for which they were bought. This topic is dealt both by the Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG hereinafter) and the Sales of Goods Act 1976 (SOGA hereinafter). The CISG, however, is applicable to contracts of sale of goods that take place internationally, or between a buyer and seller who live in different countries, which are contracting states of the Convention.5 The condition stated in the present problem does not seem to contemplate multi-jurisdictions, but is purely domestic, which makes the CISG inapplicable. Nonetheless, the relevant CISG is discussed without taking into consideration this particular aspect. Article 35(2) of the CISG enumerates the four specific instances when a seller delivers good, which do not conform to CISG. It is understood that non-conformity occurs under the following conditions: the goods are not fit for the purposes of their ordinary use; the goods do not fit the purpose made known to the seller by the buyer at the time the contract was concluded, except when the buyer did not rely, or it was not reasonable for him to rely, on the judgment or skill of the seller; the goods do not possess the qualities they are supposed to have as indicated by the seller, and; they are not adequately